
Long before ESG became a framework for corporate responsibility – before ratings agencies, sustainability reports or shareholder resolutions – a small group of British religious dissenters were practising something strikingly similar. The Quakers, or the Religious Society of Friends, built commercial empires from the 18th century onwards that placed values at the heart of enterprise. Their principles – integrity, fairness, stewardship and accountability – would not be out of place in any modern ESG policy. But theirs was not a response to regulatory pressure. It was a matter of conscience.
EditorAugust 8, 2025
















